Time Management - 1132 Words

Effective ways to organize your time are calendars and to do lists. There are many different types of tools to choose from. A simple and easy way to keep a schedule is to use a pen and paper, a cell phone, or you can use a computer calendar. Calendars and to-do lists help you look ahead and write down important dates and deadlines, so you don’t forget. Now you don’t have to write down every single thing you do within a day. What you want to do first is check your syllabus for each of your courses then create a calendar ,which will include all your exams and deadlines for the whole semester, after that you can create a weekly timetable. In this timetable it will have your usual sleep hours, family time, transportation, work hours, meals,†¦show more content†¦The left column, known as the cue column, is used to jot down main ideas and questions. The wide column called the â€Å"notes† column, takes up most of the page and is used to detail and develop the notes in the left column after class. The box in the footer is used to summarize what you read. The Cornell Method benefits students by showing the key ideas and organizing notes for review. The concept map method is a visual method of note taking that captures the relationships among ideas. To develop a concept map you first need to select a topic from a class lecture and then place a circle in the middle of the page. The second step is to create branches off that circle to record the more detailed information. You can draw additional limbs if needed. The third step is to arrange the branches with others that are similar to each other. The fourth step is when a new high level idea is presented create a new circle with its own branches. The last step is to link together related circles or concepts by using arrows and symbols to capture the relationship between ideas. The concept method benefits students by showing the relationships among ideas. The outline method allows one to prior itize information. When using the outline method, note taking begins with roman numerals. The roman numerals represent the main ideas of the discussion. Below the roman numerals are capital letters. These are supporting ideas for the main ideas. Some points will have aShow MoreRelatedTime Management And Its Impact On Students862 Words   |  4 PagesMany students find it hard to manage their time well; whether they are trying to juggle academic responsibilities such as just getting to classes, trying to keep up with the continuous demands of each class like studying, or with trying to complete multiple assignments that have to be completed before the deadline. It can be onerous. Especially, in college, there are so many distractions: different clubs, sports, and other campus activities that you can participate in such LEAD helping the communityRead MoreTime Management1233 Words   |  5 PagesTime Management By: Time management is often thought of when describing task related to business management or executive positions; those who have meetings and appointments related to business deals as well as meeting deadlines and time lines. However, time management is something everyone will have to deal with no matter the task or job. The following essay will describe time management and its importance in the work place as well as its importance for those who use it on a more personalRead MoreTime Management1058 Words   |  5 PagesTime Management is the control and focus of a person’s actions for the purpose of improving efficiency. Time management techniques typically involve setting goals, establishing priorities, budgeting the amount of time allotted to a given activity, and planning and scheduling the steps needed to achieve goals. Generally, time management refers to the development of processes and tools that increase efficiency and productivity. When we think of time management, we tend to think of personalRead MoreTime Management1849 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction It is rightly said Time and Tide wait for none. An individual should understand the value of time for him to succeed in all aspects of life. People who waste time are the ones who fail to create an identity of their own. My Rational on my first action plan was: I have poor attitudes towards managing time, such as managing time to study. Developing effective study habits is important as they will help me to use my study time more productively and will also help to handle stressRead MoreTime Management At The Same Time701 Words   |  3 PagesTime Management I can hear some moms already groaning. Time is a scarce resource for many moms. In the course of any given day, I keep wishing for more hours. However, every one of us has been given the same number of hours. It’s up to you to organize and prioritize your activities for maximum success. If you don’t know how to multi-task, I suggest you learn how to do it. The ability to multi-task will serve you well. I completed a few online tests while breastfeeding at the same time. The key wasRead MoreTime Management1901 Words   |  8 PagesTime management in the business world – research paper outline Kaynnera T. Capers Organizational Management Time Management in the Business World It is true that the majority of the time, people learn to manage their time the proverbial hard way (i.e. working late at night, trial and error, barely meeting deadlines, etc.). The definition of time management can be stated to be the process of both controlling and understanding the time spent on a variety of activities. Time management is by andRead MoreTime Management And School / Life Balance1156 Words   |  5 PagesCompleted Training: Time Management and School/Life Balance Based upon Ms. Mendia’s recommendation, I enrolled in and successfully completed the course: Work Smarter, Not Harder: Time Management for Personal Professional Productivity under Coursera a UC Irvine Extension that was offered online (enclosed number 5 please find a certificate of course completion). I have learned to make a schedule of tasks, to prioritize my tasks and goals by categorizing them under personal and professional, groupRead MoreThe Importance of Time Management1424 Words   |  6 PagesSPC Becky Geiger 5 April 2013 Corrective Training The importance of time management. Steps to take to avoid or prevent tardiness. There are many reasons that time management is important. For example, if your unit was getting ready for deployment, you would need to be at the right place at the right the time, to receive any information you or your fellow soldiers may need to know before you leave. If you weren’t there when you were told to be then you would fall court martial under articleRead MoreTime Management At The Workplace1675 Words   |  7 PagesTime Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time Hunter J. Bullock 4th Ranger Training Battalion Time Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time â€Å"The average person uses 13 different methods to control and manage their time.† Wetmore, D. E. (1999, August 23). Time Management Facts and Figures. Retrieved from http://www.balancetime.com/articles/tm_facts_and_figures.htm It is imperative to arrive on time to anything and everything that has been pre-plannedRead MoreReflection On Time Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesTime management seems to be an issue that many people struggle with. It is important to learn to balance work, school, and familial responsibilities. I plan to utilize any free time to work on school work, implementing Pareto’s Law, and looking at the big picture. Recently, a friend and I were planning our annual summer trip, which is the only time we see each other each year. I told her that there is only one weekend in which I will not be in the middle of school. She responded by saying, â€Å"That’s

The Democratic Party And The Republican Party s Stances...

Political Parties To what extent are the Democratic party and the Republican party’s stances on abortion different, and how is this seen in the 2016 party platforms? Abortion is a major political issue where both the Democratic and Republican parties have very different beliefs.The Democratic party believes strongly in pro-choice, whereas the Republican party believes in pro-life. This is, in part, because of the beliefs of the American people and is one of the major issues that determine how the people vote and what party they fall under. There is the belief of pro-life, which is defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as: the belief that it is immoral for a woman that is pregnant to have the right to choose to have an abortion if she does not want to have the baby. Pro-choice is defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as: the belief that a woman who is pregnant has the right to choose to have an abortion if she does not want to have the baby. At first glance, it is apparent that these two major comp onents on abortion are polar opposites. However, there is a myriad of differences in regards to this issue that lie further under the surface and will be stated to explain how the two major parties truly differ when discussing abortion. First of all, the Democratic party believes in pro-choice meaning that they believe that if a woman is pregnant and they do not want to have the child they should have the choice to get an abortion. The Democratic party platform states that they areShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is the issue of Abortion, My thesis in this paper is to analyze the history of abortion in the United States prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision and afterwards, and to demonstrate the ways in which our two major political parties’ views on this issue have shifted over time along with the public’s view on the issue. Abortion has been practiced for most of human history. The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced it, although not all ancient thinkers had the same views on abortion. Ancient Greek â€Å"fatherRead MoreThe Political Parties Of The United States1183 Words   |  5 Pagesare two major political parties in the United States, the Democrats and the Republicans. The Democratic symbol is a donkey they got this from the colonial times when andrew jackson kept being called a donkey so he started to use it, and we have used it ever since. The republicans got their symbol from Nast. Nast invented a famous symbol the Republican elephant. In a cartoon that Nast that had ran in Harper s Weekly in the year 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion s skin, scaring away at allRead MoreWhy The Democratic Party Is An Important Part Of America s Society974 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical party, Democrats and Republicans have many views on different topics in America. Although the Democrats and Republican s may have different stances on modern issues in America, many of these politicians seem to have the same attitude toward changing policies on these issues/government. I believe that the democratic party is more appropriate party to represent the United States because of their philosophy. The traditional values of America needs to be altered and the democratic party representsRead MoreTwo Major Political Ideologies Today1152 Words   |  5 PagesIdeologies Today Republicans and Democrats have been the two main political parties who have battled for control of political positions in the United States since the mid 1850’s. While Republican’s and Democrat’s political ideologies have changed throughout their history, since the late 1960’s their parties coalition has relatively stayed the same. In this essay I will briefly summarize these political ideologies that define the Democratic and Republican parties today, before discussing someRead MorePolitical Parties During Americ The Great Rights That Every American Citizen1417 Words   |  6 PagesHonors Gov.- Period 2 16 October 2015 Political Parties in America Voting is one of the great rights that every American citizen is entitled to. It gives Americans the chance to voice their pleasure, or displeasure, with those who represent them in public office by selecting who they believe best represents their values and beliefs. But who organizes the candidates? What are they affiliated with? The answer is political parties. A political party is an organization of people who share the sameRead MoreThe Democrats Of The Civil War Era Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mid-1800’s, the country was split between the Republicans, who had allied with the Union, and the Democrats, who had allied with the Confederacy. Over time, the Democrats and Republicans switched platforms and ideologies back and forth multiple times. In fact, Abraham Lincoln was a Republican by name, but today we would consider him a socially left-leaning Democrat. These switches were caused by Civil Rights in the 18 and 1960’s and other major events (DeMichele). The Democrats of the CivilRead MoreThe Democrats Of The Civil War Era Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mid-1800s, the country was split between the Republicans, who had allied with the Union, and the Democrats, who had allied with the Confederacy. Over time, the Democrats and Republicans switched platforms and ideologies back and forth multiple times. In fact, Abraham Lincoln was a Republican by name, but today we would consider him a socially left-leaning Democrat. These switches were caused by Civil Rights in the 18 and 1960’s and other major events (DeMichele). The Democrats of the CivilRead MoreThe Quiz On Terms Of Party Alignment Was The Democratic Party1609 Words   |  7 Pages The results on the quiz in terms of party alignment was the Democratic Party. The quiz showed I was in agreement with the Democratic Party more than the other parties with a match of 87%. I also had high percentages in the Green Party, Libertarians, and the Constitution Party. The reason I have high percentages for the other parties as well is because they all have different views on all the different issues and how they approach the problems, so I agree with some of the issues they are for orRead MoreDonald Trump s Views On Politics1041 Words   |  5 Pageslate 1990’s, he left behind the Republican Party to join the Reform Party. However, within the next couple of years, Donald Trump has once again shifted his views back to one of a conservative. In addition to jumping back and forth between parties, Trump has also said things that go against both of these parties’ ideologies, but are similar to the ideas of a liberal. These shifts in views have led people to wonder if Donald Trump is even a true conservative. The man claims to be a Republican, but hisRead MoreThe Republican Incumbent Senator Patrick Toomey Of Pennsylvania1321 Words   |  6 Pages The Republican incumbent Senator Patrick Toomey of Pennsylvania was placed in a difficult position throughout his Senatorial campaign. With an unstable, hectic presidential campaign in progress, the citizens of Pennsylvania were curious as to whether the two senatorial candidates were in support or opposed to their party’s respective presidential candidates. While Katie McGinty, the democratic candidate for the Pennsylvania Senate, clearly endorsed Hillary Clinton, Toomey refrained from expressing

Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik Biography Free Essays

Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik (1935) (September 6, 1935 – August 17, 1988), was a 1 star general in the Pakistan Army and former director-general of the Inter Services Public Relations who headed ISPR from August 1985 till his death. Brigadier-General Salik is most known as a close associate of former Pakistani President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Siddique Salik was born in village Manglia Kharian, Gujrat District, Punjab. We will write a custom essay sample on Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik: Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now He belongs to a noble Jat family. Salik schooled in Lahore and graduated from Punjab University earning a degree in English literature and international relations. Before receiving his commission in the Pakistan Army, Salik had taught English literature in few colleges in Lahore. Salik fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In 1971, Salik, as Major, was stationed in East Pakistan, when the 1971 Pakistan-India (fought between 26 March-16 December) and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (fought between 3 December-16 December) took place. Captured by Indian troops on December 19, 1971, Salik was initially incarcerated in Agra jail before being shifted to various other prisons as a Prisoner of War. He was eventually handed over to Pakistan under the Simla Agreement which vouched for exchange of prisoners. Salik was a celebrated writer. He wrote an insightful book titled Witness to Surrender (Urdu version: â€Å"Meinay Dhaka Doobtay Dekha†) based on his recollection of the war. In 1977, General Zia became President of Pakistan following a bloodless coup. Zia-ul-Haq removed civilian officers from top posts and appointed a new military junta, which included Salik amongst its members. On August 17, 1988, Salik was traveling with President Zia in his plane as his press secretary and director general inter services public relations, alongwith U. S. ambassador Arnold Raphel, when the plane crashed under mysterious circumstances killing all on board. Salik authored six Urdu and 3 English books. Among these, the â€Å"Witness to Surrender† (ISBN 81-7062-108-9) recounts the 1971 Pakistan-India war, as seen by Salik who was posted there as the Public Relations Officer. His other books include humaa yaran dozak(a recollection of his years as a risoner of war after the fall of Dacca, East Pakistan), ta damay tehreer (Urdu), emergency, pressure cooker (both novels in Urdu), Salute (biography of his years in army), State vs Politics, A Case study of Pakistan. All his books became best sellers. Brigaidier Siddique Salik is survived by his widow,three daughters and a son. His son Sarmad Salik is a known Islamabad based journalist. He has been director news of state run TV channel Ptv and director current affairs of Ary news besides having worked for national and international newspapers and TV networks. How to cite Brigadier General Muhammad Siddiq Salik: Biography, Papers

Choose one production and explain how, as a member Essay Example For Students

Choose one production and explain how, as a member Essay of the audience, you were affected by specific production elements?In February 2004, I went to the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchesterto see a production of Jim Cartwrights The Rise and Fall of LittleVoice. As an audience member I found a lot of the production elementsvery affective. The stage was in the round and to me this created more intimacy, asthe actors were closer to the audience and on the same level. This wasaffective because I thought that the audience was more involved with theplay this way and I felt that I was part of the story and part of LVsaudience for when she sings. The stage had a record label in the center of it. To me, this showedthat the play was mostly based on music. When LV was singing in the clubthe record label rotated. This was affective to me because not only couldall of the audience see LV but it showed that her heart is in the musicand that she needs to stop the record to get out of this quiet girl whogets walked all over that she has become i.e. she needs to confront hermother to get out of her rut and be who she wants to be. This alsorepresented to me that the stage was just a view of the world in LVshead; her world had just collapsed into the record and her life and mindrevolves around her and he fathers love of music. Each section of the record was a different room but each room stilloverlapped to create more intimacy. For example, two legs of LVs bedwere on her bedroom carpet and the other two actually on the pavement. Tome, I thought that this frightened LV as she appeared to be a privateperson but even people walking along the street, outside her house, werestill too close to her for her liking. This piece of set design wasaffective as to me as a member of the audience, I felt that passers-byand even the audience appeared to be in LVs bedroom and maybe in herhead and this made her even more insecure and private. This was affectiveto me as I live in a terraced house and this has just shown me thatpeople walking by my house can be within 18 inches of meeven completestrangers and this is quite a scary thought. LV has a certain route around her house and takes it quite a lot. There was a section of carpet leading from the bedroom to the living roomand this represented the stairs. This was affective because there wasntanother possible way of creating two floors as there were galleries inthe theatre, yet there was still a strong image of there being two floorsjust because one small piece of carpet was so symbolic. The shape of thecarpet was also in a stair-like shape. Also, it showed that she has thesecertain habits for security yet she is still trapped by themThe living room had a sofa, two chairs, and a coffee table with anashtray on it, a television set, and a table for the TV to sit on. Therewere also 4 audience seats on stage next to one of the chairs. This invadesthe privacy of whoever is sitting in the living room. The kitchen had a sink with a fridge underneath it and a kettle; therewas also a table with two chairs. There was also a huge telegraph pole inthe kitchen too. To me, this symbolised the electricity failing and alsothe excuse of LV going out of her room, the only place that she feels safe,and exposing herself to people. This was affective because it showed thatLV does have some courage and that she doesnt jut trap herself in herroom. This telegraph pole also dominated the set as there was a part of itall around the wires ran over the heads of the audience. This was centralto the story as the telephone is what brings Billy into LVs life so eventhough it was Maris phone

Leadership Concepts That Are Vital Too Successful Quality Management Implementation

The China Price essays

The China Price essays The China price is a term that can either demolish or facilitate to further develop the economy of the United States. It is a recent movement in the economic power of the United States which has led them in a state of complete disorder. Cut your price by 30% or lose your customers to China is what the United States government is taking into consideration to prevent them from going bankrupt. The U.S. chartered firms are asking their suppliers that if they do not meet the "China Price", they can either lose commerce, cut the wages of their employees and many other standard benefits, or shut down and relocate their manufacturing amenities in China. In the United States, from 2000 to 2010 there will be a loss of 260,000 jobs from the auto parts industry alone. Both the furniture industry and the textile industry have been losing large numbers of jobs as the "China Price" manufacturers have been breaking up companies in states as North and South Carolina (Ralph Nader). The increase in the shock of the "China Price" will cut back earnings of the people and the companies in the United States. It will further destroy communities that are dependent on companies and suppliers who have repositioned themselves to China. The numeral figures of lost employment will rapidly increase in the next decade. A lot of economic laws and theories can be applied to this massive shift in the United States economic power. More and more people and companies are investing in China due to their cheap labor and rapid economic growth. Economists have forecasted that Chinas economy will take over the United States economy in the year 2025. This has increased the demand for trade and imports in the United States. They fear that their country would reach the point of underemployment in the near future. For this reason, the United States have to take safe and rather important measures. Their first step should be based on one regulation which is to ex...

CoupContrecoup Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CoupContrecoup Injury - Essay Example In this clinical review paper, the clinical concepts from the latest literature will be synthesized about this type of injury, its incidence, physiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods used in the practice, and implications on the advanced nurse practice management. Basically coup/contrecoup arises from contusive injury to the brain when both the impact of direct trauma and trauma due to movement of the brain within the skull leading to impact on the opposite site are responsible. However, the clinical signs and symptoms and as a result, the management would depend on the degree of the trauma and the extent of the injury. Nurses, while planning a care of such patients must be aware of the advancements in management, and a clinical update based on review of the researches is therefore necessary. In this article, the findings have been presented in a concise manner. The problem of head injury is enormous. In the United States, it accounts for fatalities, disabilities, and morbidities of great numbers each year. Moreover, many multitruama victims also have associated head injuries. This occurs predominantly among young adult males aged 15 to 35 and quite frequently is associated with motor vehicle accident and alcohol use. In these patients, especially when it is associated with multiple traumas, the presence of head injury can be caused by trauma, direct or indirect. From the care point of view, this represents both surgical and medical challenges. Essential to the survival is a rapid and systematic approach to management that incorporates simultaneous assessment and resuscitation. Coup/contrecoup injury is the result of contusive brain injuries that occur with blunt trauma, in which the skull is not penetrated. It is to be remembered that anatomically brain literally floats in the cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore, any mechanical impact, eith er from falls, automobile accidents, assaults and violence, physical abuse, or recreation-related accidents, can cause the brain to move within the skull, resulting in focal, diffuse, or generalized injury. In fact any time, the head is subjected to violent force or motion, the soft and floating brain is slammed against the skull's uneven interior. In a coup/contrecoup injury, a moving object strikes the head, denting the skull inward and also knocking the brain against the opposite side of the skull. Thus, this can result into bruising in two places within the brain, at the site of the original point of contact and on the opposite side, where the brain struck the skull. These are included in the category of mild traumatic brain injury, where the neural damage may occur without involvement of the skull or the membranes, since there is considerable shear that can involve the neurons on the opposite side. This is a form of direct contact force mild traumatic brain injury resulting int o observable tissue damage in a particular area of the brain. The additional bruising on the opposite side may account for other associated symptoms such as personality changes, perceptual or sensory problems, difficulty expressing, and balance or motor difficulties. Incidence Epidemiologic data regarding coup/contrecoup injury is difficult to obtain due to inconsistencies in definition and classification. Moreover, many patients with

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

International Marketing - Essay Example er this paper will provide an in depth analysis of the Dutch economy as a whole taking into consideration such factors as population, birth rates, demographics, consumer preferences, Firstly an examination of the Dutch market and economy will be conducted. It is the case that the Netherlands is one of the founding members of the European Union and the World Trade Organization. Moreover, from a historical context the nation has always had a strong association with emphasizing the importance of a strong economy. In fact according to the Chambers (2001) it is the case that the Dutch East India Company was arguably the first business entity to issue a common stock. However in the modern context it remains the case that the nation has been considered innovators in the business community from five perspectives Firstly in terms of education the nation boasts a highly educated workforce which according to the programme for international student assessment as studied by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008) has ultimately ranked the Netherlands as having the ninth best education system in the world which is far higher than the average. In terms of infrastructure the nation is undoubtedly considered thoroughly modernized. According to the CIA World Factbook, the nation has a total of twenty-seven airports, over 2,896 meters of railways (Utilizing a standard gauge), over 136,862 km of roadways, 6,215 km of waterways that are navigable to ships of 50 tones, as well as some substantial ports and terminals. From an economics perspective the nation is considered to be one of the wealthiest in the world. According to the CIA World Factbook the nation has total gross domestic product of approximately $652 billion in 2009 which would place it twenty second in global standings. On a micro level the gross domestic product per capita when accounting for purchasing power parity is approximately $39,000 in U.S. Dollars. From a demographics perspective the

Culture Influence on Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture Influence on Education - Research Paper Example This research paper analyses the influence of culture on education within the perspective of critical pedagogy. Cultural Diversity in Contemporary Education The United States is increasingly becoming culturally diverse. The effect of this increasing cultural diversity is most evident in schools. But in spite of the increasing cultural diversity all over the country, cultural or racial-based segregation in schools has been growing. Alongside the evolving nature of U.S. education, ideas of how best to teach and learn in a culturally diverse setting have also evolved over time. The educational history of the United States, in fact, is full of examples of culturally biased policies that worked to segregate or exclude from formal education students of Latino, Asian, African American, and Native American backgrounds (Doyle 82). It is evident that ideas about racial and cultural inferiority and dominance have a profound and long history in the U.S. educational history. For a considerable pa rt of that educational history, the traditional knowledge was that students who come from minority cultures have a weakness ingrained in their identities. As a result, the faster students assimilated to the mainstream society the smoother would be their move to the upper rungs of the social ladder. In the second half of the 20th century, these assumptions were criticised and disproven, mostly by individuals from the cultures being forced to change. It is not accidental that educational campaigns supporting multicultural education and ethnic studies all appeared simultaneously (Nieto 88). Such campaigns stood for the condemnation of ideologies that had prevented numerous cultural groups from attaining educational success. All teachers nowadays deal with students who are more culturally diverse than ever before. This increasing cultural diversity influences teaching and learning. As an outcome of the evolving demographics of the United States and the rest of the world, culture and lan guage are ever more essential issues in contemporary schools across the globe. Unfortunately, only a small number of educators aside from experts in bilingual education, urban education, or English as a second language (ESL) have been sufficiently trained or experienced to teach students who come from diverse cultural backgrounds (Phipps & Guilherme 62). Consequently, numerous educators are not prepared to confront cultural diversity in schools. Such realities demonstrate that educational reform has to occur in certain areas, especially at the national, societal, and ideological levels. Meanwhile, students who are culturally different from the majority are especially at risk in a society that has viewed such differences to be weaknesses, and financial hardships to be a moral violation (Phipps & Guilherme 29-30). Nevertheless, change can start at any level, and this paper is rooted in the idea that teachers can and, indeed, should positively influence and inspire their students throu gh critical pedagogy. Knowledge is not unbiased, but it is usually viewed and handled by schools, teachers, and students as though it were. As a result, education has a tendency to be limited or narrow; it tends to accept only the least questionable and least offensive. But the truth is history is filled with fascinating controversies, debates, and socio-political conflicts. All

Changing nature of the family

Changing nature of the family Introduction This essay consists of debates from three different social science perspectives analysing the issue of the changing nature of the family.The main argument of the essay is that the ,what reasons lead phenomenon of lone parent families and how it affects to society with focus on the Economics ,Sociology and Anthropology . This study will examine the long term effects of family divorce on children from lone parent families in comparison to the intact families. The major objective of this essay is to ascertain the extent to which the life experiences of children who experienced parental marital disruption differ from those whose parents remained together. Main body Despite the fact that what our society as a whole focuses people on family creation ,the single parent lifestyle becomes more and more popular. However singles are not monolithic social group as among them is dissolved, widowers and widows, and also those who even never married. Economic perspectives: Firstly ,from the economic perspectives it will explain : The number of single parent double increased since the 1970s and It means is par of wider patterns of change in family structure. (Jane Millar 1991.p247) .According to Jane Millar, these changes in family structure represent, some problems for social policy, especially such problems as state financial support of families. The British system of social protection of families it has been based on three important points, the most important form of family support was with mans wages which help the state replace under certain conditions. (For example in such cases as unemployment ,illnesses , inability or death.) Besides laws in Great Britain have been based on the idea and they meant that when the woman will marry, their husbands would care of them. (Jane Lewis 1997, p.52) Actually, anything above is not correct more because of revolutionary changes in a role, the status and fundamental understanding of principles of marriage and expectations of a way of life. The increasing number of lonely parental families mentions and causes the basic problems about balance between a family and the state and separate financial duties and about roles of men and women as the parent and as workers. In 1991, it was the certificate of the Birth grant which has been carried out since 1993, represents attempt to change this balance, entering the new mechanism for settlement and the instruction of payment of service for children. (Kahn and Kamerman,1988 p248) Sociology perspectives: Secondly the most appreciable phenomenon characterising infringements of unity of a family are divorces. They promote comprehension by the person as imperfections of a family, and its social importance, it simultaneously all members of the family will get strong stress or even may cause illness and the valuable knowledge connected with the nature of the individual. Divorces in modern societies became the mass phenomenon. Their growth confirms the theory of the known philosopher of (M.Heidegger) about loss by the modern person of roots [216, with. 106]. Nevertheless both parents in destroyed family exercise less supervision over their child than parents exercise in intact families.(Jan Pryor and bryan Rodgers 2001,p 101). When parent divorce, often brings big changing life on children. For example there may be some changes like moving to a new place, house or moving to a new school . Loss of friendship and other familiar environment can switch on such changes in a family in itself (Sandler, Tein and the West, 1994) .For which its the potential factor, a source of numerous psihologo-pedagogical, mediko-social, socially-legal, is material-household and other problems suffer. Growth of number of the terminated marriages so, and children in the dissolved families in UK it is imposed on the processes accompanying an economic crisis (socially-legal vulnerability, poverty, unemployment and so forth) In this connection the problems generated by divorce, are perceived more sharply. Unfortunately, in the domestic family-demographic policy and social practice there was no concept of protection of children in a divorce situation, the complex and system approach to the decision of their problems is not developed, possibilities of minimisation of destructive consequences of divorces are a little used. The steady tendency of increase in number of the dissolved families does not allow to hope for fast elimination of the phenomenon and compels, along with measures on reduction of number of divorces, to bring an attention to the question on search of ways of optimisation of process of socialisation of minors within the limits of the broken most up family, that is about preventive maintenance and indemnification of negative consequences of parental rupture for children. These circumstances do actual a theme of the given work. Despite the fact that lone parents have more skills on growing of children, single parents arise often difficulties with discipline and behavior of child problems. Single parents usually appears stirred up by children or teenagers with difficult character and it is simple not in a condition to support the same level of discipline which can be in a family with both parents. Children of single parent family appear in problem situations and child have usually less parental control, than children who lives with both parents. Moreover Single- parents can be both fathers, and mothers, they can not possess skills on education. When the father contains a family, it should be sensitive to female problems, as well as to problems of boys if father has a daughter. Usually fathers are considered as those who brings home money and no more. In case of lone parents, the father should be able all gradually and replace a role of mum in a family. Even, when there are both parents, who transfer there back the child every week, should try to create the uniform environment for the child without dependence how they concern to each other. Everyone parents, actually, single parents should remain within certain parametres so that the child did not feel as if it or it can press on one or other parent. The discipline should be uniform and it is impossible to allow for the child to divide parents, simply. Final referencing 1 ) Nowadays men and women, have no limits of choosing work any more, both become are equal. As a consequence they can be now less confident the partner of a male and not the dependent in general. (Jane Lewis, 1997, p.104) 2 ) nado ili nenado ?Field(1989) argues that one of the main divisions currently emerging is that between lone mothers locked into long-term dependency on welfare benefits and others who pass through lone parenthood for brief periods . The stigma connected with single parents and children of single parents, is saved. Scientists continue to find the consent by the nature and size of family effects of structure on children. Some believed that the family structure negatively affects on the development of the child while others have accepted the fact what even with single parents there are some evidences that children have completely developed emotionally and intellectually despite their circumstances agree (Hawkins and 1991 Eggebeen), unlike a stereotypic kind of single parental house economy as is integral imperfect, the majority of single parents provides structure, values and nurturance which their children require despite problems and critical remarks which they face. Their houses are not broken, their lives are not unfortunate, and their children can have problems, but most finally to prosper. (Walsh, 2003, p123) it is similar Petterson (2001) also asserted that successful single parental house economy throw down a challenge to concept that the most healthy structure demands two parents.

Prejudice and Racism †All We Need is Love, All We Got is Hate :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

As the snow covered the house that my grandma occupies, I looked out the window to the neighbor's front door, their mailbox, and the circular driveway they had. It was just another home, where kids could build a snowman or throw snowballs on the front lawn. But there where no children or snowmen here. And beneath the snow, the word "N-I-G-G-E-R" was written in the grass. A family- a home- where they had bothered no one. One night someone decided to take weed killer and burn it in giant letters into their lawn. This is why our nation, the melting pot of many races, needs to confront the problem and deal with what really is in front of us. When I first really thought about this, I thought, this is not Mississippi, or Alabama; this is Michigan, and it's in my grandma's neighborhood. And the thing is, their a normal family, just like any other. They went on trips in the summer, and spring, and this time came back to a message on the lawn. I sat there that day watching cars go by their house as if it were haunted or something. I guess it can happen anywhere. But this snow-covered house is still a reflection of America, white on top with a hatred burning underneath. I go to a college, where the races meet every day. Colored man helps white man; white man helps colored man. Doesn't sound right ? That's how bad our society has gotten. Disturbing? Of course. But what is more disturbing is, lately when these issues of racism have come up, there seems to be impatience and annoyance. "Does everything have to be racism?" people ask. And they're always complaining that "It's just a little thing." No, it's not. People are always saying that there is little prejudice. But how is that true ? It's like saying you're a little pregnant; can't happen. But this is nothing new. How many times have you heard "He's fast; for a white guy." Or "White men can't jump," Or "All black guys can jump and dance." And in reality these are all hateful things to say. As whites, we are the majority, and don't always realize it. And whenever there's racist complaints, we say "OK, we'll change" with a sigh. It's the white's who go crazy to get black athlete's autographs. They say "We love you!" yet how many would let them date your daughter? Although I say this, I do believe that some progress has been made. But I do think that when you're the majority, you do have to guard against

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Essay

The United States is and will continue to be a very diverse place. More than 8 million legal immigrants came to the U. S. between 1981 and 1990, and an undetermined number of undocumented immigrants enter the United States each year. In addition, the United States includes people of many religions, languages, economic groups, and other cultural groups. In order to be a successful manager in today’s very diverse society a manager needs to be open and understanding of cultural differences, different ethnicities, and gender differences among employees. Diversity is the presence of people from a wide range of backgrounds all possessing different traits. Some possible contributors to diversity include but are not limited to differences in age, race, ethnic origin, culture, physical abilities, religion and sexual orientation. As the text book states, ‘bringing diverse workers into an organization is seldom a seamless transition. ’ People tend to prejudge and place stereotypes or generalized beliefs that all members of a group possess the same characteristics from different cultures, race, or sex; this must be overcome. To be effective, managers and employees need to recognize, respect, and capitalize on each other’s differences. By being diverse in its employees, a business has a better opportunity for new ideas and growth potential. As discussed this week in class, when the department head turned down the Jamaican friend for the position, even though he seemed better qualified, it showed stereotyping and prejudices can have a negative effect in the workplace. The situation made for an uncomfortable, even negative environment in the workplace. By the department head’s negative behavior it caused a barrier for productivity and potentially harmed working relationships. It is essential in today’s business world for managers and professionals to understand the importance of cultural, ethnical and gender differences to make a positive work environment possible. While performing the ball and sock experiment, I was put outside of my comfort zone and was forced to see what it was like in someone else’s shoes. I found the lefty experiment to be awkward and difficult. I started in the early morning as I was getting ready for work. The seemingly thoughtless tasks that I completed every morning such as showering, brushing my teeth and hair, and eating breakfast now became hard and tedious. I continued the experiment when I returned home from work. Preparing dinner as a lefty was virtually impossible and almost dangerous. Most tasks as a lefty were manageable after some time and practice, but operating a knife was not. I am sure that with a little time and patience these tasks could have become easier to me. I can see how it could be frustrating living as a lefty in a right handed world. This is the same concept as being from a different culture, ethnicity, and gender then those in your workplace. Although the transition into a new company can be difficult, with time and some adjustment it is possible. I can relate the ball in the sock experiment to the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences in the work place because adjusting to something that we are not accustomed to can be challenging. It is important to understand that people we come into contact with everyday come from a background that we may not know much about. It can be difficult to adjust when meeting new people or entering a new work environment. I believe an organizations success can be attributed to its ability to embrace diversity and appreciate the benefits. A workplace who supports diversity can supply an assortment of solutions to problems. A diverse workplace can facilitate a broader service range. It can allow a company to provide their service to those all around the world. I think the most significant benefit to supporting diversity in the workplace is the inspiration it gives to all of its employees to perform to their greatest capacity. Diversity allows employees to come together to accomplish a common goal as a team. Employees will feel comfortable to share their viewpoints and ideas to execute a goal or solve a problem. I believe diversity opens the door for workplaces to achieve higher productivity, result in higher profits, and benefit the community. Diversity may not be something that people are familiar with and may even have a difficult time adjusting to, which is similar to trying to using your opposite hand in daily tasks. I believe understanding diversity will show employees the importance of it in the workplace and how it can enhance the quality of work.

20 Cause Effect Essay Topics Interesting Issues to Debate about Environment

20 Cause Effect Essay Topics Interesting Issues to Debate about Environment If you are tasked with writing a cause and/or effect essay on the book â€Å"Living Downstream† written by Sandra Steingraber, then chances are you are facing the most challenging part of the writing process: selecting your topic. Picking the perfect topic can be difficult, at best, especially when you consider how many great topics there are in relation to this book. Thus, below you will find twenty topics that might be beneficial for you, or useful for your next assignment. Remember that these are only meant as a guide and may not be specifically applicable to your assignment: How Agricultural and Industrial Pollutants Have Been Shown in Medical and Scientific Assessments to Be Linked to Cancer Rates Which Environmental Factors Have Resulted in Higher Cancer Rates, and Which Cancers Specifically What Environmental Factors Have Been Scientifically Studied as Links to Cancer Compared to Genetic Cancers What Has Caused the Imbalance Between Scientific and/or Medical Studies for Environmental Factors versus Genetic Factors in Cancer Which Carcinogens Are Most Profoundly Influential and Detrimental to People and What Effects Do They Have What Causes Carcinogens to Enter the Body and Damage Living Tissue What Has Caused Cancer Rates Among Adults to Increase From a Mere 25% back in the 1950’s to 50% for Men and 40% for Women Today What Effect Increased Introduction of Chemicals into All Areas of Life Including Clothing, Food, Tools, and Housing Products Has Had on Society What Causes Immigrants To Show Signs and Symptoms of the Cancers Prevalent in Their New Home rather than Those of Their Place of Birth What Causes More and Higher Rates of Cancer to be Prevalent in Urban Regions Compared to Rural Regions What Effect Heavy Pesticide Use Has On Rural Communities What Effect Chemical Factories Have on Cancer Clusters in Nearby Populated Areas What Causes Cancer Clusters to Grow in Regions outside of Heavily Polluted Valleys or Rivers What Effect Pollution in Fresh Water and Salt Water Areas Has Had on the Local Fish Species How Polluted Water Has Impacted Fish and Shellfish Populations Compared to the Same Fish Species Living in Non-polluted Waters What Has Caused Cancer Rates in Children to Rise Steadily in spite of No Lifestyle Changes Over the Course of the Last Fifty Years What Effect Damage to the Endocrine and Immune System Has to the Body and the Promotion of Cancers within the Body What Effect Raising Awareness About the Toll That the Use of Chemicals Has Had on The Human Economy and Resulting Cancers Has Had What Effect Acting on Partial Scientific Evidence Can Have For Society What Effect the Adoption of a New Way of Looking at Chemicals Can Have on Human Rights Aren’t those great topics? Of course, just seeing the list of topics may not be everything that you need to get started on your own work. That’s why we prepared facts that will help to understand the book and a writing guide that will help to master cause effect essay writing. Below you will find a great essay sample below on the topics. Cause Effect Sample Essay â€Å"The Causes of an Imbalance between Scientific and/or Medical Studies for Environmental Factors vs Genetic Factors in Cancer† The causes of an imbalance between scientific and medical studies for environmental factors which cause cancer versus genetic factors that cause cancer is simple politics and money. Environmental concerns are something which have been often compared to that of politics. There are many political organizations responsible for funding individual research efforts, affording grants, and ensuring that only particular angles are covered. While the book â€Å"Living Downstream† has raised a great deal of serious concerns, it   would stand to reason that the work is not able to garner as much attention as it should because it does not play the political game, and instead the political game is playing everyone else. Of course, the book by Dr. Sandra Steingraber is a collective work which ignores the politics associated with environmentalists and instead provides data and data alone to convince the reader of the current cancer epidemic and the harmful source of said epidemic: chemical residues and pesticides which are now almost entirely prevalent across the whole environment. By not playing the political game, the doctor’s work has not raised the alarm that it should have and has not garnered the worldwide call to arms to stop the pollution and take preventative measures. Part of the reason for this is the fact that existing research, both medical and scientific, has followed closely the rates of genetic cancers and from that has claimed that cancers rates over the last fifty years have dropped and not risen as was claimed in the book. This is misleading at best. The studies, as clearly covered by the author, are not comprehensive nor do they take into account the environmental factors or cancer rates not related to genetic cancers. Additionally, one must refer back to the politics of the game and review the organizations behind the research, behind the grants, and behind the studies. The results which have opposed any increase or harm brought about by chemicals and pesticides have all originated in studies which have circumventing the main point brought to the surface by Dr. Sandra Steingraber in a clear attempt to avoid discussing the real problem. By focusing financial and, as a result, research efforts on genetic cancers, news sources report reduc ed cancer rates and people see no reason to stop exposing themselves to harmful chemicals. Overall, the causes of an imbalance between scientific and medical studies for environmental factors which cause cancer versus genetic factors that cause cancer is simple politics and money. With a focus on genetic cancers and a complete ignorance of environmental factors, big companies who are using said pesticides and chemicals and profiting from them do not have to take a hit to their profits. References BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES OF PESTICIDES IN MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS.  The Sciences  7.3 (1967): 33-38. Web. Chemical Carcinogens: A Review Of The Science And Its Associated Principles. U.S. Interagency Staff Group On Carcinogens.  Environ Health Perspect  67 (1986): 201-282. Web. Pesticides And Wildlife.  Oryx  7.05 (1964): 213. Web. Eckardt, Robert Edward.  Industrial Carcinogens. New York: Grune Stratton, 1959. Print. GROVER, P. L. Chemical Carcinogens.  Science  204.4399 (1979): 1301-1301. Web. Noà «l, Bernard. Pesticides.  Lignes  33.3 (2010): 62. Web. RENWICK, A. G., and B. S. DRASAR. Environmental Carcinogens And Large Bowel Cancer.Nature  263.5574 (1976): 234-235. Web. Steingraber, Sandra.  Living Downstream. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1997. Print.

pinochet essays

pinochet essays "It was a day in spring , December 20,1973 at about 4:30 pm , that I heard several knocks on the door of my house , which sounded unfamiliar and threatening. My brother had just returned home from his work in the textile industry and had gone to our common bedroom to lie down for his usual short afternoon nap. I went to answer the door and encountered three men with a very cold attitude. One of them asked me in a dry voice ; Does Pedro Rojas live "Before answering, an infinity of urgent thoughts passed through my adolescent 16-year old brain. I knew that my brother had been a memmber or a political organization of young people who supported the party of the recently overthrown government and that in our neighborhood many of his friends had been detained. For this reason I went through an internal struggle whether to give the government agent an affirmative answer as to the whereabouts of my brother......and for twenty-five years now, I have been living with the regret of having done so. If I had denied my brother's presence that day , it might have given him a tiny chance of It all started when Salvador Allende Gossens was elected as president of Chile in 1970 Allende then nationalized many industries , including the copper mines , in which U.S. business had a lot of money invested in. Doing this cause economical problems and then aggravated by strikes. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency saw this to be the perfect time for a military coup. This is where the government is overthrown. As a result of this military coup Allende was eliminated on September 11, 1973. his successors declared that he had committed suicide,while his supporters claimed that he was murdered . At the time Pinochet was the military general ,so when the military coup happe ...

Annotated Bibliography Strategic Management Literature review - 1

Annotated Bibliography Strategic Management - Literature review Example The author credits that business plan and a business idea will make a company or business achieve its goals. A personal conclusion is that cost leadership or product differentiation, which would result in added value to the product or good offered to the buyer creating room for high incomes and profit. The author tries to show how people critically think to build a successful business and that is the author gives a hint on the successful ways and that is by having a business plan. The author classifies management as the school of thoughts that show management in different institutions. Mintzberg own proposal for the basic values of strategic management is criticized by using the identical criterion. The intended audience by the writer is business and people who intend to get into the business venture. The author’s purpose of the work was the show strategy paradigm where the typical planning focus for the firm prepares the financial budget with a time perspective of 12 months. The credibility of the author is that strategic management aim is to create, affirm aim and do data analysis in order to identify issues arising in the organization (Hill, et.al 2009). Special features include the collection of data entails making efforts of collecting data from other organization and even carrying out reviews from the outside environment and this is quite unique. The author concluded that survival, practical goals and operational goals must be enhanced by stakehol ders. The author’s conclusion of the work was the strategy paradigm creates good financial management.A personal conclusion is that strategic paradigm is a way of performing financial management that grows the company’s economy and growth. A theme of the study was to focus on how business is run by the microcomputer and these are the relationships that are accorded in business. Weaknesses are the challenging factors that an organization will face, altering the smooth flow of production strategies.  

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example Based on this particular aspect, graduate schools have become increasingly focused on developing the leadership qualities of the students who are to be the upcoming employee generation in the global workplace (Jackson, 2009). Nevertheless, as leadership is termed to be more of an art rather than a science, it is essential to identify the personal limitations and development needs which should be managed accordingly to exemplify superior leadership capabilities in the practical scenario (Goleman, 2012). Based on these aspects, the discussion henceforth will aim at describing four skills area which I need to develop to grow as an effective leader in future. The description will be followed by a development plan which I think might be beneficial in my overall development as a leader. Four Skill Areas to Work On It is quite necessary to understand the concept of leadership and obtain a generalised view regarding the qualities that should be possessed by a leader prior to the elaboration and justification of the skills areas which I need to develop in order to become an effective leader. ... It is also related with social and philosophical dimensions of management in accordance with various business and non-business environments. In the words of Lubitz (2008, p.63), â€Å"Leadership is, therefore, never a straightforward task: it involves a set of complex skills whose employment is contingent on the level at which leadership is practiced, its place within the chain of task execution, and the nature of the task at hand.† Thus, it can be affirmed that leadership is a situational phenomenon where individual skills play a major role in depicting the effectiveness of such practices (DeRue & Ashford, 2010). From a generalised point of view, leaders in the contemporary context are required to possess various skills which accumulatively intend to enhance the qualities of the professionals and thus reward increasing efficiency (Campbell, Hays, Core, Birch, Bosack, & Clark, 2011). As stated by Klingborg, Moore and Varea-Hammond (2006), leaders in today’s contemporary era should possess organisational skills, learning skills, motivating skills, creative skills, critical thinking abilities as well as forward thinking and problem-solving skills. These skills are expected to augment flexibility among leaders to adapt changes and steer the team towards improvement. Another most significant ability which should be possessed by a 21st century leader is regarded to be the communication skills. As indicated by Decker (2006), effective communication not only assists in developing the team in a consistent manner but also helps to develop a mutual relationship and a stronger influence as well as control over the team performances. After learning about the skills required to be established as an effective

Bride of Frankenstein by James Whale Movie Review

Bride of Frankenstein by James Whale - Movie Review Example However, in spite of all these furious actions by the monster, several critics of the film find the monster to be a sympathetic figure and a reflective analysis of the character proves that the monster incorporates compassionate elements along with the apparent condemnable features. Bride of Frankenstein, unlike the original Frankenstein movie, depicts the story of the Shelley novel almost exactly and the monster in this film version has a compassionate appearance. "While in Frankenstein he was a murderous vengeful creature, the sequel presents a Monster the audience can sympathise with, thus bringing him much closer to Mary Shelley's original concept In one of them the Monster saves a girl from drowning and is 'rewarded' with being shot in the arm." (Bride of Frankenstein) There is a view that the monster does not deserve the kind of treatment it gets at the hands of the critics as there is nothing unnatural about the character.

American football and sound Intellectual thinking Essay Example for Free

American football and sound Intellectual thinking Essay Ive always been told i was too small, Im not big enough, not fast enough and that i dont have what it takes. But to stay there for four years straight was necessary, blood was necessary and the occasional tear as necessary/ But on the field i prepare so no one can make up my mind but myself. And once my mind is made up NOBODY can stop me. You can try any move you want and even try to out run me but i can promise you one thing, that as long as Im on the field your only destination is the turf. Football is not something you take lightly its a Mans Game. The only thing that will get you hurt is playing stupid and being soft. Benefits of playing football: It is one of the most popular and widespread games in the world It is provin by sports specialists that football players are the ones with the strongest extremities and very sound intellectual thinking, to be successful on the field but also in life. You have to have discipline , passion and commitment with everything you do , and football will hep you with that. Concentration is also another thing mastered when you play football. Its also the top most vital element that we need in life. For Example: When we are preparing for a test When we are out on the field Football will not only help with competitive and efficiency as a player also teach you the right and appropriate attitude to have. Communication is a major benefit when playing football: No communication= Fail ! So if you dont communicate you will fail and if you fail that means your not hungry for greatness and if your not hungry for greatness it means your ok with being mediocre. And if that was the case for me.. i wouldnt be standing here with these trophies. This is what success looks like.

Financial Management of the National Health Service (NHS)

Financial Management of the National Health Service (NHS) Introduction This academic paper described a public sector in health care particularly on its financial management. The chosen public sector is the National Health Service (NHS). A description of the sources of funds and expenditures of NHS is provided. Financial decision-making, control and monitoring in public sectors are analysed within the context of this organisation. Specifically, a discussion of financial accountability and budgeting in public sector are explained. At the end of the paper, the tender process and specification for NHS England was provided and a criteria for selection was devised. The National Health Service (NHS) The National Health Service (NHS) is a publicly funded organisation that provides health care services to residents of United Kingdom. It was established in 1948 and currently provides a wide array of services including antenatal screening, treatment of chronic diseases, emergency care, transplantations, preventive care and end-of-life care (NHS, 2013). The Washington Commonwealth Fund, this organisation is the best health care system in the world in 2014 (NHS Confederation, 2014). With the exception of some prescription, optical and dental services, all health care services by NHS are free for all the 63.2 million residents of United Kingdom (NHS, 2013). Health services being provided are determined by the Secretary of State for Health (England), the Minister for Health and Community Care (Scotland), the Minister for Health and Social Services (Wales) and the Minister for Health, Social Services and Public Safety (Northern Ireland) (Harker, 2012). Funding Harker (2012) released vital information on the way the NHS gets its fund. The funds of the NHS are being given by the Department of Health and come from the taxes collected from the people. For 2012/2013, the latest published fund was  £108.9 billion (NHS, 2013). An estimated 80% of NHS funds go to the 151 existing Primary Care Trusts and the amount they receive would depend on the serviceable population and their need (Harker, 2012). In addition, the money primary care trusts are getting can be dispensed by commissioning health services from NHS, independent and voluntary sectors they deemed most needed by their local residents (Harker, 2012). For prescription charging in England, patients pay an amount of  £7.20 while Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland charge none (Harker, 2012). The Department of Health Resource Accounts for 2010/11 estimated that  £450 million were raised from prescription charging in England. For dental treatment, on the other hand, the amount being paid by patients cost around  £17.50- £209 depending on the dental case in England,  £12 to  £177 in Wales, up to  £384 in Northern Ireland and Scotland (Harker, 2012). The amounts of funds raised were estimated to  £614.3 million in England and  £27.3 million in Wales for 2009/10 (Harker, 2012). Other sources of funds would overseas patient charging, treatment of private patients and hospital parking and telephone use fees (Harker, 2012). The funding and expenditures of the NHS per year is made known to public through the government’s annual reports. NHS Public Accountability Maybin et al (2011: 7) defined accountability as the â€Å"relationship involving answerability, an obligation to report, to give account of, actions and non-actions†. Primary care trusts who are the main recipient of most of the NHS funds and the commissioners of health services are held accountable in terms of: 1) management by the strategic health authority and the Secretary of State for Health; 2) regulation on the quality of commissioning by the Care Quality Commission; 3) scrutiny for financial management and disbursement of resources by the Audit Commission, local overview and scrutiny committees, non-executive directors of the boards and patient and public representatives of local involvement networks (Maybin et al, 2011). In the future, commissioners will likewise be held accountable by the new national NHS Commissioning Board, standing rules of the Secretary of State, Monitor, new health and well-being boards, local HealthWatch, and the National Audit Office’s consolidated annual accounts (Maybin et al, 2011). The NHS Trust are accountable to primary care trusts, Care Quality Commission, local involvement networks, Audit commission, local overview and scrutiny committees, and externally appointed non-executive directors of the boards (Maybin et al, 2011). For the NHS Foundation Trust are likewise monitored the same as that of NHS Trust with the addition of the governor and Monitor (Maybin et al, 2011). In addition, independent sector providers are held accountable only by the primary care trusts, Care Quality Commission and local involvement networks (Maybin et al, 2011). Financial Control and Monitoring Good financial control and monitoring are keys to effective financial management in the health care sector (Cichon, 1999). A formal management control system includes the following processes: 1) programming, 2) budgeting, 3) operating measurement, 4) reporting and evaluation, and 5) feedback and correction (Finkler et al, 2007). Programming involves selecting the programmes that the organisation wants to engage at in the future (Finkler et al, 2007). Control of the future programmes will ensure that adding these to current programmes can meet the mission, vision and objectives of the organisation. Next is setting the budget. The budget is used to compare the budgeted amount with the actual amounts used by the organisation in a fiscal year and would mainly tell if the organisation has met its targeted operating and financial performance (McLean, 2002). Moreover, the management must be able to produce reports of its operating finances for evaluation, feedback and correction (Finkler et al, 2011). In the NHS, the chief executive is the one responsible for the organisational finances and he/she is held answerable to the Permanent Secretary or the Chief Executive of NHS (Audit Commission, 2004). Meanwhile, the director of finance is tasked to ensure that all practises and procedures related to the organisation’s finances are sound and in place (Audit Commission, 2004). The Audit Commission (2004) explicitly suggests way to improve financial management especially in controlling and monitoring. The first step is financial planning. A financial plan should be able to project the revenue and the capital needed in a particular period of time while placing consideration on possible shifts in capital spending. NHS bodies are suggested to consider extra investments that can improve the services such as spending for technology and research. In the long run, these may lessen capital costs and provide more revenues. After the financial planning, the budget must be set and prepared to ensure proper allocation. The budget must be created consistent with the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the organisation. In NHS, a combination of zero-based budgeting and incremental budgeting are being used. In zero-budgeting, the organisation starts from none while in incremental budgeting, the budgets are carried forward and adjusted yearly. Budget reporting and mon itoring comes next wherein the budget is reported to budgetholders especially the variances so that corrective actions can be applied. Board reporting comes next wherein financial information is relayed to NHS boards so that they can take corrective actions as early as possible whenever necessary. Financial reports are also produced as part of the statutory obligation of NHS bodies. Through financial reports produced annually, the NHS is able to inform the public where their taxes for health go. Treasury management, on the other hand, ensures the sufficiency of cash through receipt and payment management, borrowings and investments, and cashflow monitoring. The Department of Health sets the amount of cash expenditures that NHS bodies are allowed to spend. The NHS also implements system for financial control to ensure public accountability. This is signified by the chief executive’s annual statement on internal control. Lastly, the NHS must ensure value for money by fostering learning, transparency and openness in using new resources. Financial Information and Decision Making Decision-making is a process of selecting course of actions from a pool of actions that may be feasible or applicable (Cleverly et al, 2010). In terms of finances, the management must be able to utilise financial information in aid of decision-making. The information must then be accurate, timely and relevant in order to arrive at an effective and high quality decisions (Cleverly et al, 2010). For example, a financial forecast of a new technology serves as the information for the NHS. Based on the forecast, the decision question now is to whether the new technology must be purchased or not. Supposing that the decision was to purchase the technology and the result was significant earnings for the NHS, then the financial information was successfully utilised to aid in making the right decision. Khan and Jain (2007) suggests that to arrive at financial decisions, the finance manage must be able to determine sources of short-term and long-term financing and their alternatives at a given point in time. In the case of the NHS for example, short-term financing could be the dental charges from patients while long-term financing would be the tax funds coming from the government. Supposing that there is a shortage of funds for the coming fiscal year, the finance manager must ask what could be a good source of readily available short-term and long-term financing at the moment to meet the first quarter needs. Tender Process and Documentation The tender process may be used by organisations which need a particular service (Oakley, 2008). The organisation is expected to release a tender specification which provides the details of the type of services they need, volume of work, locations and costs (Oakley, 2008). In the NHS, there are five stages in the tender process namely: 1) assessing sustainability; 2) submission of the pre-qualification questionnaire; 3) invitation to tender; 4) final interview and presentation; and 5) contract award (Royal College of Nursing, 2005). Assessing sustainability includes performing pre-tender checks, finding a tender notice, obtaining a copy of the tender and evaluating it, providing an expression of interest and completing subsequent forms (Royal College of Nursing, 2005). The next step would be to submit the pre-qualification questionnaire which is then decided by the Commissioner. Once the Commissioner gave a favourable decision, an invitation to tender will be issued to which a respons e would be needed for final evaluation of the Commissioner (Royal College of Nursing, 2005). A final interview will be conducted together with the Commissioner and a positive response would end with the awarding of the contract (Royal College of Nursing, 2005). Based on the NHS process, tender criteria have been devised (Morledge and Smith, 2013; Ward, 2008). The scoring will be based on organisation details (10%), workforce information (10%) , financial standing (10%), relevant experience and technical ability (15%) , health and safety (15%) , insurances (5%) , references (5%), quality assurance (15%), equal opportunity declaration (5%), and evidence of registration with the regulatory bodies (5%) (Royal College of Nursing, 2005). A corresponding score will be given which range from 0=failed to 5= very high standard. The score will be multiplied with the percentages per item to get the weighted score. The weighted score will be totaled. The total weighted score will serve as basis for ranking (Ward, 2008). Summary and Conclusion They say that the health of the people reflects the richness of a nation. Health care is a fundamental right and a public concern. Thus, a public organisation such as NHS must be able to exercise effective financial management, control and decision-making so that more citizens can be given the right quality care that they pledged to provide for free. Since most of the funding of the NHS come from the money of the people, accountability must be observed by those in-charge of handling the organisational finances. A system of check and balance through transparency in financial auditing and reports and vigilance of the public are necessary in ensuring that the people’s money are spent rightly on where it is needed the most. In public sectors, the tender process is usually applied in evaluating and selecting suitable suppliers. Before one can enter into public contracts, the tender process is usually observed as a means to determine the quality of the services being procured by the government. It also ensures that every purchase has clean documentation and has gone through a thorough process of screening. For public organisations, the tender process is usually followed since the money being allocated are in huge amounts and most of all from the people who pay their taxes.

Attitudes Essay -- essays research papers

Attitudes What are attitudes? How are they formed, measured and changed? What degree of influence do they exert on behavior? What important effects does prejudice have on attitudes, and how is prejudice caused? These are all questions that are central to the study of social psychology and, by reviewing the findings of psychological research into these areas, this essay will attempt to provide a balanced explanation of the topic. The fundamental question of what attitudes are cannot be answered easily, as many psychologists offer differing definitions. These range from simply describing them as likes and dislikes, to the definition provided by Tiffin and McCormick, in Attitude and Motivation(1971), where they summarize attitudes as being, â€Å"a frame of reference that influences the individual’s views or opinions on various topics and situations, and influences their behavior.† It is widely accepted, however, that attitudes include both beliefs and values. Beliefs, although considered to be based on the knowledge gained about the world around us, can vary greatly in their importance and influence, and therefore ibn their resistence to change. For instance, an individual’s belief in God is highly influential, not only on its own but also in its effect on many other beliefs held by the individual, whereas a belief that eating late at night may cause indigestion is far less central and inf luential in its effect. Beliefs, both major and minor, form the cognitive component of attitu...

Eastern religion Essay

Transcendentalism denotes an abstract thought composed of several layers of meaning. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy states, â€Å"Transcendentalism is belief in the existence of things that transcend sense-experience, or more reflectively, belief in the possibility of transcendent metaphysics† (pp-878).   In the religious sense, it can be defined as the quest for reality through spiritual intuition and/or those qualities unique to the creator of all natural things (God). There are many transcendental traits of available in the Upanishads, the Vedas, the Gita and remarkable contribution of great persons like Maharishi ji, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.   Lord Krishna reveals transcendental knowledge in Bhagwat Gita as under. Transcendental knowledge – the spiritual knowledge of the soul, of God, and of their relationship is both purifying and liberating. Such knowledge is the fruit of selfless devotional action (karma-yoga) (Bhagawat Gita, chapter 13 to 15). 1) Lord Chaitanya instructed the mass of people in the Sankhya philosophy of acintya-bhedabheda-tattva, which maintains that the Supreme Lord is simultaneously one with and different from His creation. Lord Chaitanya taught this philosophy through the chanting of the holy name of the Lord. He taught that the holy name of the Lord is the sound incarnation of the Lord and that since he Lord is the absolute whole, there is no difference between His holy name and His transcendental form. Thus by chanting the holy name of the Lord one can directly associate with the Supreme Lord by sound vibration. As one practices this sound vibration, he passes through three stages of development: the offensive stage, the clearing stage and the transcendental stage. In the offensive stage one may desire all kinds of material happiness, but in the second stage one becomes clear of all material contamination. When one is situated on the transcendental stage, he attains the most coveted position – the stage of loving God. Lord Chaitanya taught that this is the highest stage of perfection for human beings. 2) Maharishiji contributed a great Transdental meditation tequenique. The Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique is a simple, natural, effortless procedure whereby the mind easily and naturally arrives at the source of thought, the settled state of the mind — Transcendental Consciousness — pure consciousness, self-referral consciousness, which is the source of all creative processes. Transcendental meditation technique, the individual’s awareness settles down and experiences a unique state of restful alertness. As the body becomes deeply relaxed, the mind transcends all mental activity to experience the simplest form of awareness, Transcendental Consciousness, where consciousness is open to itself. This is the self-referral state of consciousness. The experience of Transcendental Consciousness develops the individual’s latent creative potential while dissolving accumulated stress and fatigue through the deep rest gained during the practice. Reference: Bhagawat Gita; Chapter 13 – 15 Gyan; Maharishi Sanwatsar-51; 2006

Genetic Engineering, history and future Essays - Molecular Biology

Genetic Engineering, history and future Essays - Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering, history and future Altering the Face of Science Science is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from analytical engine, to calculator, to computer. But science, in the past, has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history will science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering will undoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretation of facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. Genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering, and embracing its possibilities for society, is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first "laws of heredity." Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, in regards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organism's cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, "the structure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, and function of the [organism's] offspring " (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the research of three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Price in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). "The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slow process of evolution" (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organism's DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millions of years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNA strand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-high-frequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of "restriction enzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria" (Clarke 1). The restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up a DNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to another strand of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of a new DNA strand is giving it the ability to self-replicate. This can be accomplished by using special pieces of DNA, called vectors, that permit the generation of multiple copies of a total DNA strand and fusing it to the newly created DNA structure. Another newly developed method, called polymerase chain reaction, allows for faster replication of DNA